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 Reference: 
Kimmo Varpaaniemi. Stable models for stubborn sets. Fundamenta Informaticae (Annales Societatis Mathematicae Polonae,   Series IV), 43(1–4):355–375, August 2000. IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.   
Abstract: 
The stubborn set method is one of the methods that try to relieve   the state space explosion problem that occurs in state space generation.   Spending some time in looking for ``good'' stubborn sets can pay off in the   total time spent in generating a reduced state space. This article shows how   the method can exploit tools that solve certain problems of logic programs.   The restriction of a definition of stubbornness to a given state can be   translated into a variable-free logic program. When a stubborn set satisfying   additional constraints is wanted, the additional constraints should be   translated, too. It is easy to make the translation in such a way that each   acceptable stubborn set of the state is represented by at least one stable   model of the program, each stable model of the program represents at least   one acceptable stubborn set of the state, and for each pair in the   representation relation, the number of certain atoms in the stable model is   equal to the number of enabled transitions of the represented stubborn set.   So, in order to find a stubborn set which is good w.r.t. the number of   enabled transitions, it suffices to find a stable model which is good w.r.t.   the number of certain atoms. The article also presents a new NP-completeness   result concerning stubborn sets.  
Keywords: 
reachability analysis, reduced state space generation, stubborn   sets, variable-free logic programs, stable models, NP-completeness
  
Suggested BibTeX entry: 
@article{VarpaaniemiKimmo-Vrp00a, 
    author = {Kimmo Varpaaniemi}, 
    journal = {Fundamenta Informaticae (Annales Societatis Mathematicae Polonae,   Series IV)}, 
    month = {August}, 
    note = {IOS Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands}, 
    number = {1--4}, 
    pages = {355--375}, 
    title = {{S}table Models for Stubborn Sets}, 
    volume = {43}, 
    year = {2000}, 
}
  
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