(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) | ||||||||||
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-- | with international search report |
-- | before the expiration of the time limit for amending the claims and to be republished in the event of receipt of amendments |
(57)
Abstract |
DETERMINATION OF SERVICE SITUATION IN PACKET RADIO NETWORK BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a method for transmitting the prevailing service situation of the telecommunication connection to the subscriber.
The invention will be explained primarily in connection with packet radio systems, such as GPRS, but it can also be applied to other kinds of telecommunication systems. Figure 1 shows the parts of the packet network essential for understanding the invention. Mobile stations MS communicate with base stations BTSn (Base Transceiver Station) over an air interface Um.
Base stations are controlled by base station controllers BSC which are connected to mobile switching centres MSC. The subsystem managed by the base station controller BSC, including the base stations controlled by it, is generally referred to as a base station subsystem BSS. The interface between the centre MSC and the base station subsystem BSS is called an A-interface.
The part of the mobile communication system on the side of the MSC at the A- interface is known as a network subsystem NSS. Correspondingly, the interface between the base station controller BSC and the base station BTS is called an Abis-interface. The mobile switching centre MSC attends to the switching of incoming and outgoing calls. It carries out similar tasks as the exchange of the public switched telephone network PSTN. In addition, it carries out functions characteristic of mobile telephone traffic only, such as subscriber location management, in co-operation with network subscriber registers which are not shown separately in Figure 1.
A conventional radio connection used in digital mobile communi-
cation systems is circuit-switched, which means that the radio resources
reserved for a subscriber are kept reserved for this connection for the duration
of the call. Packet radio service GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) is a
new service designed for digital mobile communication systems, such as GSM
systems. The packet radio system is described in ETSI recommendations TC-
TR-GSM 02.60 and 03.60. By means of a packet radio service, a user of the
mobile station MS can be provided with a radio connection which efficiently
utilizes radio resources. In a packet-switched connection radio resources are
reserved only when speech or data is to be sent. Speech or data is assembled
into packets of a specific length. When such a packet has been sent over the
air interface Um and the sending party does not immediately have the next
The system of Figure 1 includes a separate Serving GPRS Support Node, that is, an SGSN 15 which controls the operation of the packet data service on the network side. This control includes, for example, registrations of the mobile station to the system and from the system (Logon and Logoff, respectively), updating mobile stations location and routing data packets to the correct destination. In the context of the present application, "data" broadly interpreted refers to any information transmitted in a digital mobile communication system, including, but not limited to speech encoded into a digital form, data transmission between computers or telefax data. The SGSN may be located in connection with the base station BTS, the base station controller BSC or the mobile switching centre MSC or it may be located separately from them. The interface between the SGSN and the base station controller BSC is known as a Gb-interface.
In a packet radio network a situation is conceivable in which the subscriber using a computer PC is in contact with another computer 14 via a packet network 10, a data network 11, a router 13 and a local area network LAN. There is an ongoing long data transmission or several successive short data transmissions between the computers PC and 14 in accordance with Internet FTP protocol, for example. At the same time, a user of the computer PC or some other user starts an interactive session in accordance with Internet Telnet protocol, for example. If a packet of each interactive session had to wait at nodes along the connection until the long data transmission had been terminated, the response times of the interactive session would grow so long that the use of the service would no longer be sensible.
Network operators typically determine several classes for the quality
of service (QoS) so that in a higher class for the quality of service the
propagation delay (and possibly also the probability of losing the packet) is
smaller than in a lower class for the quality of service. In this invention,
propagation delay is the most significant parameter connected with the quality
of service. The operator may determine three classes for the quality of service,
for example, for which two propagation delays TAVE and
For example, there are no pre-determined protocols for transmitting the prevailing service situation to the user and/or the application programs and no specified procedures with which the application programs could automatically adapt to changes in the service situation. Although the users or the application programs may estimate and determine independently the prevailing service situation in the quality of service which has been negotiated at each time, the users or the application programs cannot receive information independently about other classes for the quality of service and thus cannot make any objective conclusions on whether the quality of service should be re- negotiated to be higher or lower.
BRIEF. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is to develop a method for solving the problems mentioned above. The objects of the invention are achieved by a method that is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of claim 1. The dependent claims relate to the preferred embodiments of the invention.
The invention is at its simplest implemented by establishing a
method for indicating the service situation in a packet radio network which
includes at least one base station BTS and at least one terminal equipment (a
mobile station MS and a computer PC possibly connected or integrated
thereto), and where several classes for the quality of service have been
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the network determines the prevailing service situation in each class for the quality of service and this information is transmitted to the terminal equipment. In this case the terminal equipment (or its user) has available objective information on the service situation prevailing in the other classes for the quality of service.
The application to be executed in the terminal equipment or its user may then decide to negotiate a higher or a lower class for the quality of service, as required.
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the service situation in the neighbouring base stations is used as a criterion in connection with handover, in which case the mobile stations can be handed over to a base station whose audibility is poorer but the service situation better (loading smaller) than in the base station which serves the mobile station.
The advantage of the method and system of the invention is a more efficient use of packet radio network resources as the users and/or applications making decisions (change of the service quality or handover) have available objective information on the prevailing service situation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
The invention will now be explained in more detail in connection
with preferred embodiments, with reference to the appended drawing,
wherein:
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION As was stated above, the invention is at its simplest implemented by establishing a method for indicating the service situation in a packet radio network which includes at least one base station BTS and at least one terminal equipment (a mobile station MS and a computer PC possibly connected or integrated thereto), and where several classes for the quality of service have been determined. According to the invention, at least one parameter representing the service situation of the packet radio network is determined and this parameter is made available to the terminal equipment (MS, PC).
According to one preferred embodiment, the parameter represent- ing the service situation is determined in some fixed network element of the network, such as the base station system BSS or the support node SGSN.
Alternatively, said parameter can be determined in the terminal equipment (MS, PC).
The prevailing service situation in the service quality used by the mobile station MS can be determined in several different ways. One possible technique is based on that the parameter is determined on the basis of the utilization ratio of the capacity of the base station system BSS, for example by determining the ratio of free channels to reserved channels. The parameter can also be determined by following on which probability and/or delay the mobile stations are able to reserve resources, such as traffic channels. It is also possible to calculate the number of packets sent to the mobile station MS per a time unit and maintain the moving time average of this number.
Alternatively, it is also possible to use the fact that in most packet networks
packets are time stamped when they arrive at the network, in which case the
parameter representing the service situation may be determined on the basis
of the time stamps of the downlink packets, for example. On the basis of this
time stamp, it is possible to determine the two propagation delays TAVE and
If the parameter representing the service situation is determined in
some fixed network element, such as the base station system BSS or the
In order that the user of the terminal equipment or the application program executed therein could make objective decisions concerning the change of the service quality, it is advantageous that said parameter is determined in more than one class for the quality of service. If the parameters are sent to all terminal equipments at the same time (e.g. broadcast or multicast), it is most advantageous to send simultaneously the parameters representing the situation of all the classes for the quality of service. If the parameters are instead sent individually to the terminal equipments, capacity may be saved by sending primarily only the parameters representing the situation of the upper and lower classes for the quality of service in addition to the quality of service used at each time.
Conventional cell and handover algorithms are usually based only
on signal quality. There may also be situations where the neighbouring base
station of the base station that serves the mobile station would have more
capacity and it could provide a faster connection than the base station that
serves the mobile station at that moment. Then it is advantageous if the
parameter representing the service situation is determined at least for two
base stations (the base station that serves the mobile station and the
neighbouring base station with the best audibility), and the parameter is
employed as a crossover criterion. One possibility to employ the capacity of
the base station as a crossover criterion is to weigh signal strength
measurements so that the base station which has a great deal of unused
capacity is notified of signal strength higher than the actual value, and vice
versa. In this way changes to known crossover algorithms are minimal.
When information on the service situation of the classes for the quality of service has been made available to the terminal equipment (either by calculating some parameter representing service in the terminal equipment or by calculating the information in the network and by sending it to the mobile station), this information has to be made available to application program and/or its user. The information on the service situation of the classes for the quality of service can be employed in the application program for example so that the criteria have been determined in advance, on the basis of which criteria the application negotiates the class for the quality of service higher or lower if the parameter representing the service situation is smaller or greater, respectively, than some predetermined threshold value. Then it is also advantageous to determine a specific hysteresis, for example, in such a manner that a higher (faster) class for the quality of service is negotiated if the parameter fails below the threshold value by 10 per cents and a lower (less expensive) class for the quality of service is negotiated if the parameter exceeds the threshold value by 10 per cents. Instead of the hysteresis or in addition to it, time delay can be determined for example so that the quality of service is re-negotiated only if the parameter has been below or above the threshold value for a certain time, such as one minute. In that case, however, the new class for the quality of service can be negotiated immediately if there is a great deviance from the threshold value towards a poorer value (e.g. if the average propagation delay exceeds two times the normal value). In this way the terminal equipment and the application program executed therein can make decisions independently, without disturbing the user, by means of which decisions the ratio of the service level to costs is maintained at the optimal level.
In some cases it should be possible to change the quality of service
in a manner that is almost impossible to program in advance. For example, a
situation is conceivable in which the user uses the mobile station (and a
computer connected or integrated thereto) for taking care of bank transactions
when waiting for the departure of the aeroplane. When the departure of the
aeroplane is announced, the user is probably willing to pay considerably for
the improvement of the service quality to finish the bank transaction. A reverse
example may be a user who wishes to start a data transmission by using a
high class for the quality of service (in order than the interactive phase would
take place as fast as possible) but the actual data transmission can take place
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the basic idea of the invention may be realized in various ways. The invention and its embodiments are therefore not restricted to the examples described above but they may vary within the scope of the claims.
CLAIMS
1. A method for indicating the prevailing service situation in a packet radio network which includes at least one base station (BTS) and at least one terminal equipment (MS, PC), and where several classes for the quality of service have been determined; characterized by - determining at least one parameter representing the service situation of the packet radio network; and - supplying this parameter to the use of the terminal equipment (MS, PC).
2. A method according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the parameter is determined in some fixed network element of the network, such as a base station system (BSS) or a support node (SGSN).
3. A method according to claim 1, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the parameter is determined in the terminal equipment (MS, PC).
4. A method according to claim 2 or 3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the parameter is determined on the basis of the utilization ratio of the capacity of the base station system (BSS).
5. A method according to claim 2 or 3,
6. A method according to claim 2 or 3,
7. A method according to claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the parameter is sent to the terminal equipment (MS, PC) on a broadcast channel, preferably on BCCH or PBCCH.
8. A method according to claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the parameter is sent to the terminal equipment (MS, PC) as a Point-To-Multipoint transmission.
9. A method according to claim 2 or 8, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that
the parameter is sent at least to some terminal equipments (MS, PC),
preferably to a terminal equipment that has just registered to the network,
individually,
11. A method according to claim 2, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that the parameter is determined in all classes for the quality of service in the packet radio network.
13. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, c
14. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, c