Author: Kari J. Nurmela, Patric R. J. Östergård, and Rainer aus dem Spring

Title: Asymptotic Behavior of Optimal Circle Packings in a Square

Journal: Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 42 (1999), 380-385.

A lower bound on the number of points that can be placed in a square of side $\sigma$ such that no two points are within unit distance from each other is proven. The result is constructive, and the series of packings obtained contains many conjecturally optimal packings.