Hietalahti, M.; Massacci, F.; and Niemelä, I. DES: a challenge problem for nonmonotonic reasoning systems. In Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Non-Monotonic Reasoning. Accepted for publication. (CoRR: arXiv:cs.AI/0003039)
The paper contains two encodings of the USA DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD (DES) using logic programs and the stable model semantics.
M. Matsui, ``Linear cryptanalysis method for DES cipher,'' Advances in Cryptology, Proceedings Eurocrypt'93, LNCS 765, T. Helleseth, Ed., Springer-Verlag, 1994, pp. 386-397.
M. Matsui. The first experimental cryptanalysis of the data encryption standard. In Advances in Cryptology Crypto'94, pages 1-11, Springer-Verlag, 1994.